What is an ‘intervention’?

An ‘intervention’ is a legal process meant to protect works of art or cultural artifacts that have been removed from their country of origin, or from their rightful owner, without proper permission. In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security is responsible for ensuring that items covered by the federal Cultural Property Implementation Act (CPIA) and other laws—including references from the 1948 Hague Convention—do not enter the country without proper authorization. In North Dakota, the CPIA applies to artifacts of cultural or archaeological significance from certain countries, such as Iraq, and from certain cultures. Examples of items protected by the CPIA include ancient coins, archaeological remains, and works of art that have been looted, stolen, or exported without authorization. The process of intervention can involve either customs officials or a federal government agency seizing an item, or a state authorization for the item to be removed from the country. In North Dakota, the North Dakota State Historic Preservation Office is responsible for initiating CPIA interventions involving artifacts or works of art that may be covered by the act.

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