What is the doctrine of res judicata in criminal appeals?

Res judicata is a common law principle that limits the ability of a person to reopen a legal dispute that has already been settled or adjudicated. In criminal appeals, the doctrine of res judicata prevents an accused from having their case heard again if it has already been heard and either affirmed or dismissed by a court of competent jurisdiction. In New Hampshire, the Supreme Court of New Hampshire applies res judicata in criminal appeals. Under this doctrine, a defendant may not challenge the same legal decision more than once, even if there is new evidence that could potentially change the outcome. This is because a criminal judgment is final and binding and can only be overturned through appeal or post-conviction relief. In criminal appeals brought before the New Hampshire Supreme Court, the doctrine of res judicata applies when: 1. There is an identity of parties between the current and previous proceedings; 2. The same matter was litigated in both cases; 3. The judgment in the prior case was valid and on the merits; 4. The prior judgment is final; and 5. The judgment was rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction. The doctrine of res judicata serves an important purpose in criminal appeals. It prevents a defendant from endlessly re-litigating the same issue and avoids the risk of inconsistent decisions. It also promotes judicial efficiency, ensuring the finality of judgments and avoiding unnecessary delays.

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What is the doctrine of res judicata in criminal appeals?

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