What are the rules of evidence-gathering at a criminal trial?
In a criminal trial in Arizona, the rules of evidence-gathering are governed by the Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure. These rules set out how evidence is gathered, presented, and considered during a trial. The Rules of Evidence define what is admissible in court – that is, what evidence can be used in the trial. Generally, evidence must be relevant, reliable, and obtained legally to be considered admissible. Relevance means that the evidence has a reasonable connection to the case. Reliability means that the evidence is credible. Evidence obtained illegally, such as from a search or seizure that violates a defendant’s constitutional rights, cannot be used in court. If a witness is testifying, the attorney representing the defendant can use cross-examination to challenge the witness’s credibility and reliability. The prosecution and defense can also call other witnesses, present documentation, or provide scientific or medical evidence. Physical evidence, such as DNA, can also be presented, as long as it has been properly collected, handled, and stored. In Arizona, all evidence-gathering must comply with the Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure. It’s important for all parties in a criminal trial to understand and abide by these rules so that the trial is fair and just for everyone involved.
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