What is the difference between fraud and bad faith in insurance litigation cases?

In Delaware, insurance litigation law is designed to protect policyholders from unjust or unfair practices by insurance companies. Fraud and bad faith are two possible legal issues that may arise from the actions of an insurance company. Fraud is defined as an intentional deception or misrepresentation made by one party to another with the intent to gain a financial or other material advantage. An example of fraud in an insurance litigation case could be a policyholder misrepresenting the details of a claim. Bad faith is defined as a failure by an insurance company to adequately attempt to investigate or settle a claim in a timely and fair manner. Bad faith does not require an intent to deceive but is an action or lack thereof that violates the duty of good faith and fair dealing that the insurance company has to the policyholder. An example of bad faith in an insurance litigation case is an insurance company or its representatives delaying or denying payment of a legitimate claim without a valid basis. In summary, fraud is the intentional misrepresentation of facts while bad faith is a failure by an insurance company to fulfill their duty to the policyholder. While both issues are serious, a successful lawsuit of either will usually depend upon the facts and circumstances of the case.

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