What is the difference between a court martial and a summary court-martial?

The difference between a court martial and a summary court-martial is the level of severity. A court martial is the most serious type of military court and is usually used for the most serious offenses. During a court martial, the accused is tried by a panel of officers and may face severe consequences like imprisonment or even execution. A summary court-martial is much less serious and is usually used for minor offenses. This type of court is presided over by one commissioned officer and typically results in punishments like reduction of rank, reprimands, extra duties or forfeiture of pay. In California, the jurisdiction of courts martial is governed by Title 10, United States Code and Section 821 of the Military and Veterans Code. The rules and procedures of a court martial are very complex and all participants are expected to be familiar with the applicable laws. A summary court-martial still follows these rules, but the proceedings are more streamlined and typically take less time to complete. The decision of a court martial is more weighty and is subject to more stringent review standards. A sentence on conviction by a court martial cannot be increased but may be decreased on appeal. A sentence on conviction by a summary court-martial can be increased by the reviewing officer, but cannot be decreased.

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What is the difference between a court martial and a summary court-martial?

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