What is the Indian Civil Rights Act?
The Indian Civil Rights Act (ICRA) is a United States federal law that was enacted in 1968. It provides certain civil rights to Native Americans living on reservations. The ICRA protects the rights of Native Americans, including religious practices, the right to due process of law, and other protections of civil liberties. The ICRA is based on the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution, to ensure that Native Americans enjoy the same civil liberties as all other citizens. It guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly, and petition of the government. It also forbids cruel and unusual punishment and double jeopardy. The ICRA applies to all tribes and nations in the United States, including the recognized tribes in New Jersey. In New Jersey, the ICRA guarantees rights important for Native American tribes, such as the right to fair and equal treatment under local, state, and federal laws, unrestricted access to tribal courts and legal systems, and the right to be free from unwarranted searches and seizures. In addition, the ICRA protects Native Americans from discrimination in voting and other political activities, including the ability to vote in state and federal elections. Finally, the ICRA provides Native Americans with access to legal assistance and forbids discrimination in education, employment, health care, and housing. Overall, the ICRA is an important piece of federal legislation that ensures Native Americans in New Jersey and throughout the country have access to civil rights protections.
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