How has the Supreme Court interpreted the Tenth Amendment of the US Constitution?

The Supreme Court has interpreted the Tenth Amendment of the US Constitution to mean that any powers or responsibilities not listed in the Constitution for the federal government automatically fall under the jurisdiction of the state governments. In effect, the Supreme Court has used the Tenth Amendment to limit the power of the federal government. For example, in the case of New York v. United States (1992), the Court held that the federal government could not require states to create waste disposal plans to comply with federal regulations. The court determined that the regulation was not explicitly granted to the federal government by the US Constitution, and therefore, the Tenth Amendment applied. As such, only the states could implement such plans. In another case, U.S. v. Lopez (1995), the court ruled that the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court determined that the Tenth Amendment applied since the scope of the Act was beyond the express powers granted to Congress by the Constitution. Overall, the Supreme Court has interpreted the Tenth Amendment to mean that any power not explicitly granted to the federal government by the US Constitution is to be left to the states to handle. This interpretation of the Tenth Amendment has been used by the Supreme Court to limit the power of the federal government in order to protect state autonomy.

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