How has the Supreme Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment's privileges and immunities clause?

The Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges and Immunities Clause provides that no state shall deny citizens of other states the same privileges and immunities that are provided to citizens of that state. This clause has been interpreted by the Supreme Court in a number of cases. In its 2018 decision, Gamble v. United States, the Supreme Court held that the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not protect an individual from double jeopardy, thus allowing criminal defendants to be tried in both state and federal court for the same crime. In its 2010 decision, McDonald v. City of Chicago, the Supreme Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges and Immunities Clause protects citizens of all states from certain forms of state infringement on fundamental rights, such as the right to bear arms for self defense. This decision overturned the Supreme Court’s earlier decision in the case of United States v. Cruikshank, where the Court held that the Privileges and Immunities Clause was inapplicable to state laws. In its 1970 decision in Goldberg v. Kelly, the Supreme Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges and Immunities Clause prohibits a state from depriving a person of certain essential benefits without due process of law. The Court held that a person who is receiving certain essential benefits, such as welfare payments, must receive a hearing before his or her benefits are terminated. This decision has had a major impact on the rights of those receiving governmental benefits. In sum, the Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges and Immunities Clause in a number of ways, from protecting individuals from double jeopardy to protecting citizens from certain state infringements on fundamental rights. Additionally, the Court has held that the Clause prohibits a state from depriving a person of essential benefits without due process of law.

How has the Supreme Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment's privileges and immunities clause?

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