What is the scope of the Montreal Protocol on International Air Transport?
The Montreal Protocol on International Air Transport (also known as the Montreal Protocols) were adopted in 1999 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as part of the ICAO’s established international aviation law. The Protocols provide a comprehensive set of legally binding rules governing international commercial aviation. It contains provisions that cover a variety of issues, including safety, security, and environmental protection. The scope of the Montreal Protocols is broad and encompasses a range of topics related to international air transport. It contains provisions on the liability of airlines for accident and incident occurrence, the allocation of financial responsibility for an aircraft accident, the establishment of rights and obligations of the airlines and their customers, the regulation of navigation aids, the provision and application of international aviation safety standards, and the protection of the environment. In addition, the Protocols ensure that air carriers have access to necessary services and infrastructure, and provide for international cooperation and consultation between states and other stakeholders. The Protocols also establish procedural and operational requirements for foreign-registered aircraft operating in the United States. Furthermore, it requires states to recognize the validity and effect of certain international agreements and authorizations related to the operation of aircraft in international airspace. By providing a comprehensive framework for international air transport, the Montreal Protocols help to ensure the safety, security, and environmental sustainability of international aviation practices. The Protocols also facilitate greater cooperation and coordination between states and other stakeholders, thereby strengthening the international aviation system.
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