What are the rules of evidence in civil litigation?

In civil litigation, the rules of evidence refer to the set of guidelines that determine what types of proof can be used in court. In New York, the rules of evidence are determined by the New York State Legislature. Generally, there are four main categories of evidence that are admissible in court: testimonial evidence, documentary evidence, real evidence, and demonstrative evidence. Testimonial evidence consists of written or oral testimony given by a witness in court. This type of evidence could include witness statements, testimonies, expert opinions, and sworn statements. Documentary evidence includes written documents such as contracts, deeds, emails, and invoices. These documents must be authenticated in court in order to be admitted as evidence. Real evidence is any physical object that can be used to prove or disprove facts related to the case. This can include firearms, tools, surveillance footage, and other tangible objects. Demonstrative evidence is any type of evidence that is used to explain or illustrate a point. This could include photographs, diagrams, charts, and animations. In addition to the rules of evidence, the court may also consider other types of proof, such as character evidence and other relevant information in order to make a decision. It is up to the judge to determine how much weight to give any particular type of evidence in litigation. Ultimately, the rules of evidence in civil litigation are in place in order to ensure that the trial is fair and all parties have the chance to present their case in the best manner possible.

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