What are the rules of evidence in criminal cases?

In Oregon, criminal cases must follow the rules of evidence. Evidence is anything that is used in a case to prove a fact or resolve a dispute. For evidence to be admitted in a criminal case, it must be relevant, reliable, and legally obtained. Relevant evidence is any evidence that has a direct connection to the facts of the case. For example, if a person is accused of theft, evidence of the stolen item and any witnesses to the crime would be relevant. Reliable evidence must be sourced from a reliable source in order for it to be admissible. Evidence that is impossible to verify or has come from someone with an agenda or bias is not considered to be reliable. Legally obtained evidence has been gathered through legal means. For example, evidence that was obtained through illegal search or seizure cannot be admitted in court. In addition to these three rules, there are several other rules of evidence that must be followed. For example, all evidence must be able to be easily understood and not too prejudicial. Evidence must also be relevant to the case and not be hearsay (material heard secondhand). Following these rules of evidence helps to ensure that the outcome of criminal cases are fair and just based on the law. It also prevents the introduction of evidence that is not relevant or reliable, which can lead to an unfair trial.

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