What is the difference between a direct and circumstantial evidence in criminal defense law?

In criminal defense law, evidence is used to prove the guilt or innocence of the accused. Direct evidence is evidence that directly links the defendant to the crime. This type of evidence is usually a first-hand account or witness testimony that proves the accused committed the crime. Circumstantial evidence is evidence that suggests the accused committed the crime, but does not directly prove it. Circumstantial evidence may include things such as a motive for the crime or other suspicious behavior connected to the accused. In California, both types of evidence can be used in a criminal case. However, circumstantial evidence is often subject to more scrutiny and review in order to determine if it is sufficient to prove the defendant’s guilt. Additionally, the California jury instructions provide guidance on how circumstantial evidence should be weighed by jury members. Direct evidence is generally viewed as more reliable since it is based on direct observations or experiences, rather than interpretation and assumptions. Conversely, circumstantial evidence requires more interpretive work in order to draw a valid conclusion. Therefore, it is up to the prosecutor to use the evidence effectively in order to prove their case.

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