What is the federal criminal justice system?

The federal criminal justice system is a set of laws and court systems in the United States that handle criminal cases occurring within the jurisdiction of the U.S. government. This system is separate from state criminal justice systems, which handle criminal offenses that occur within specific states. Cases are generally referred to the federal system if the criminal offense was committed within federal territory, against a federal agency, or in connection with an interstate enterprise. Examples of federal criminal offenses include federal drug crimes, white-collar crimes, and treason. The federal criminal justice system begins with the investigation of an alleged crime by a federal law enforcement agency, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). If the agency finds evidence of a crime, it will refer the case to the local U.S. district attorney. The district attorney then decides if a criminal complaint should be filed against the person or persons allegedly responsible for the crime. If a criminal complaint is filed, a federal grand jury hears the case and decides if there is enough evidence to charge the suspect with a crime. If the grand jury decides that there is enough evidence, a federal indictment is issued and the suspect is arrested. The defendant then goes to court for trial, where his or her guilt or innocence is determined. If found guilty, the defendant is sentenced according to federal laws. Sentences can range from probation to prison time. Appeals of a guilty verdict can be filed in a federal court of appeals.

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What is the federal criminal justice system?

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