What is the difference between criminal and civil court?

The most significant difference between criminal and civil court is the purpose for which each is used. Criminal court is used to handle cases that involve a criminal act, whether felonies such as murder or misdemeanors such as shoplifting. Civil court is used to handle cases that involve a dispute between two or more parties, such as a lawsuit between a landlord and tenant. In criminal court, the government is the prosecuting party and the defendant is accused of breaking the law. The burden of proof in criminal court is higher than in civil court as the prosecutor must prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. If found guilty, the defendant faces criminal penalties such as fines or jail time. In civil court, an individual or entity can file a lawsuit against another individual or entity claiming damages as a result of a perceived wrong. The burden of proof in civil court is lower, as the plaintiff must prove their case by a preponderance of the evidence. If found liable, the defendant typically must pay monetary damages to the plaintiff as compensation. With either type of court in West Virginia, both parties have the right to an attorney. Depending on the case, the court may also hear testimony from witnesses. Regardless of the court, all parties are expected to follow the rules of the court and will be held accountable for their actions.

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