What is military law?
Military law is an area of law that focuses on legal matters related to the armed forces. It encompasses regulations, court-martials, nonjudicial punishments, criminal offenses, and other matters. In Virginia, the applicable laws are found in the Virginia Code and codified by the Virginia General Assembly. The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) is federal law that applies to all members of the armed forces, both active duty and reserve. It sets forth criminal offenses and provides authority for both court-martials and nonjudicial punishments. Court-martials are trials conducted by panel of officers in which defendants face possible conviction, sentencing, and dishonorable discharge. Nonjudicial punishments, sometimes referred to as "Article 15" penalties, are disciplinary actions that are decided by commanding officers, who can impose reductions in rank, forfeitures of pay, extra duties, and other penalties. Criminal offenses under the UCMJ include but are not limited to desertion, aiding the enemy, and disobeying orders. In Virginia, state law offenses such as motor vehicle violations and assault may also be prosecuted in military court, depending on the particular circumstances. Military law also includes rules and regulations governing day-to-day activity and military justice procedures. In Virginia, the code also contains morality and ethics-based offenses such as adultery, fraternization, and conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline. This includes drinking, drug use, and other activities that could harm the mission of the military.
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