What is the scope of protection offered under the Hamburg Rules of 1978?

The Hamburg Rules of 1978, established under the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, was established to create a uniform set of laws to govern international maritime law regarding the carriage of goods by sea. The rules are intended to provide protection for the parties involved in the cargo trade, including the shipowner, shipper, and receiver of the goods. The Rules provide a scope of protection for the shipowner, shipper, and receiver of goods. For the shipowner, the Rules provide for a limited liability for loss or damage to goods in transit with an overall liability limit of 8.33 Special Drawing Rights (SDR) per package or 2 SDR per kilogram of gross weight. This limitation provides a cap on the amount of compensation the shipowner may need to pay in the event of loss or damage in transit. The Rules also provide protection for the shipper and receiver of goods. The shipper must package the goods in a manner which ensures safe transport. The receiver must accept the goods within a reasonable time and must also inspect the goods for any damage. If the goods are damaged in transit, the receiver has the right to refuse to accept them thus limiting the liability of the shipowner. Finally, the Rules also provide protection to the shipper and receiver in the event of cargo damage due to war, strikes, or acts of God. Under the Rules, the shipowner only has to pay a maximum of 8.33 SDR per package or 2 SDR per kilogram of gross weight for damages due to these circumstances, thus limiting their potential liability. In summary, the scope of protection offered under the Hamburg Rules of 1978 provides protection for the shipowner, shipper, and receiver of goods in the case of loss or damage to goods in transit. The Rules also provide protection in the event of war, strikes, or acts of God thus limiting the liability of the shipowner.

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