What is the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934?
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act) was a law passed by the U.S. Congress that reversed federal policy of dismantling and assimilating Native American Tribes. The law aimed to promote economic self-sufficiency and the development of strong tribal governments by expanding tribal lands, preserving tribal cultures, and allowing limited forms of self-governance. The Act reversed the policy of allotment and allowed Native American tribes to reclaim traditional lands, establish tribal court systems for justice, regulate hunting and fishing rights, and protect cultural and religious practices. Additionally, the Act allowed for the creation of Indian reservations, the organization of Native American businesses, and the formation of tribal governing boards. In Florida, the Act was particularly beneficial to Native American Tribes, as it allowed them to expand their land holdings and establish local governing bodies. It also allowed for the taxation of certain kinds of property, including oil and gas, on Indian Reservations. Additionally, the Act facilitated the construction of tribal housing and healthcare facilities, and helped preserve and protect Native American cultural items, traditional ceremonies, and burial grounds. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 has had a lasting impact on Native American Law in Florida and throughout the United States. In recent years, the Act has been used to help Tribes preserve and protect their cultural items, traditional ceremonies, and burial grounds. Additionally, the Act has been used to expand tribal land holdings, regulate hunting and fishing rights, and improve tribal justice systems.
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