What are the legal issues related to preimplantation genetic diagnosis?
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a medical term used to describe a type of genetic testing used to identify genetic disorders in embryos before they are implanted during in-vitro fertilization (IVF). In Virginia, legal issues related to PGD can arise as a result of both state and federal laws. At the federal level, PGD is covered under the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) of 2008. This law prohibits employers from using genetic information, including results from PGD, to make certain decisions related to employment and health insurance. At the state level, Virginia law also regulates the use of PGD. Specifically, Virginia law prohibits the use of PGD to select the sex of an embryo, with exceptions for health reasons. Additionally, the law states that PGD may not be used to create genetically modified embryos or to select embryos for any purpose other than the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a genetic disorder or disease. Finally, the Virginia Department of Health Professions regulates the use of PGD and other forms of genetic testing in Virginia. The Department requires laboratories and practitioners carrying out these tests to meet certain standards and maintain records that demonstrate compliance with these standards. In sum, both federal and state laws in Virginia address the use of PGD and ensure that the practice is performed with safety, accuracy, and ethical considerations in mind.
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