How has the Supreme Court interpreted the freedom of assembly clause of the US Constitution?

The freedom of assembly clause of the US Constitution, found in the First Amendment, states that Congress shall make no law abridging the right of the people to peacefully assemble. The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) has interpreted this freedom of assembly clause in different ways, depending on the particular case. One major interpretation of the freedom of assembly clause was seen in the 1968 case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District. In this case, students from Des Moines, Iowa were suspended for wearing black arm bands in protest of the Vietnam War. The students sued the school district on the grounds that their suspension violated their right to freedom of assembly. Ultimately, SCOTUS held that the students had a First Amendment right to wear the arm bands and that the school district had acted unlawfully in suspending them. In another interpretation of the freedom of assembly clause, SCOTUS ruled in 1971 that an individual had the right to peacefully picket on the public streets outside a courtroom. This case, called Grayned v. City of Rockford, was brought by an anti-war activist who had been arrested for picketing. SCOTUS held that the freedom of assembly clause of the First Amendment protected the individual’s right to peacefully picket. The freedom of assembly clause of the US Constitution has also been interpreted in other cases to protect individuals’ right to assemble peacefully and to express their opinions publicly. SCOTUS’s interpretation of the clause has been crucial in maintaining citizens’ rights to free expression in Rhode Island and throughout the United States.

How has the Supreme Court interpreted the freedom of assembly clause of the US Constitution?

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