What is the purpose of the Convention on International Civil Aviation?
The Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention, was signed in December 1944. It was created as a means to promote international cooperation in civil aviation, with the fundamental aim of ensuring the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation. The Convention contains the basic rules which govern international air navigation and establish the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations which is responsible for all aspects of international air transport. The Convention sets out the basic rights and duties of states in relation to the exploitation of international air navigation and the role they should play in impartially regulating and promoting the development of international civil aviation. It sets out the principles of sovereign immunity which applies to civil aircraft and provides for two different systems of control of international civil aviation: the "license system" and the "registration system". The Convention also requires that all states signatory to it should, to the greatest extent possible, promote uniformity in the laws and regulations governing the operation of civil aircraft. It obligates all states to provide reasonable facilities for the transit of civil aircraft, and to grant certain freedoms of the air, such as overflight, transit, and landing in foreign territory. Finally, the Convention sets the standards and recommended practices for matters such as the control of aircraft noise and other environmental aspects of civil aviation.
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