What is the purpose of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation?
The Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed in 1944 and still in effect today, is the cornerstone of international air law. Its main purpose is to facilitate regular, safe, and orderly international air transport. The Convention created the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which is a United Nations agency with almost 200 member countries. This organization is responsible for setting safety and security standards, and coordinating air navigation and communications systems around the world. The Convention delineates the principles governing the rights and responsibilities of states with respect to territorial airspace and aircraft registration. It also establishes regulations on the transit of aircraft over foreign countries and the rights and obligations of countries that are signatories to the Convention, including aircraft registered in those countries. Additionally, the Convention provides for a number of rights that airlines must observe in order to legally offer international air services. This includes the freedom to fly over territory without disembarking passengers, goods, or mail, and the right to establish commercial offices in the countries they serve. The Convention also sets out certain standards of treatment of foreign aircraft operating in the airspace of a signatory country, including their right to refuel, repair, and make necessary technical changes. All in all, the Convention is a framework for international aviation law that ensures the safety and orderly flow of air transportation between countries. It has been signed by almost all countries of the world and is an important part of the international legal framework.
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