What are the differences between an executive agreement and a treaty in international litigation?

An executive agreement and a treaty are two different types of agreements created between countries in international litigation law. An executive agreement is an agreement made directly between two countries without being ratified by the legislature of either one. Executive agreements are created by the president of one country, and the head of state of the other. Executive agreements are not codified in the U.S. Constitution and do not need to be approved by Congress. In comparison, a treaty is a formal agreement between two or more countries regarding international law or policy. Negotiated by diplomats and ratified by both countries’ national legislatures, treaties must meet the requirements of the U.S. Constitution and be approved by the Senate. A treaty is a legally binding agreement. The main difference between an executive agreement and a treaty is that an executive agreement is based on the executive power of the president of one country, while a treaty is a legally binding agreement requiring ratification from both countries’ legislatures. Additionally, while executive agreements do not need Senate approval, treaties do. Furthermore, executive agreements are not codified in the U.S. Constitution and are less formal than treaty agreements.

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