What is the scope of protection offered under the Hamburg Rules of 1978?

The Hamburg Rules of 1978 provide protection for goods and passengers that are transported by sea. This international set of rules seeks to provide a more uniform set of regulations than the prior regulations, which were based on the laws of each individual country. The Hamburg Rules protect both cargo and passengers, though the scope of the rules is more extensive for cargo. The Hamburg Rules outline when and how a carrier is liable in cases of loss or damage to cargo or passengers. The rules determine how much a carrier has to pay, and when they must pay, for losses caused by negligence or an act of God. In the case of cargo, the carrier is liable for losses that happen directly because of an accident or some other negligence on the part of the carrier. This could include damages or losses caused by delays or bad stowage. The Hamburg Rules do not limit the amount a carrier must pay in such a situation, but it does state that the liability must be fair and reasonable. For passengers, the Hamburg Rules provide some protection, but not as much as for cargo. The Rules state that the carrier must provide a standard of care for all passengers, which includes providing adequate food and medical care as necessary. Furthermore, a carrier must provide adequate compensation in the event of death or injury of a passenger. Overall, the Hamburg Rules of 1978 are an important set of international regulations that protect goods and passengers that are transported by sea. The rules help to ensure that carriers are held liable in cases of negligence, and they provide standards of care for both cargo and passengers.

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What is the scope of protection offered under the Hamburg Rules of 1978?

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