How has the Supreme Court interpreted the Ninth Amendment of the US Constitution?
The Ninth Amendment of the US Constitution states that “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.” The rights referred to are those that are not listed explicitly in the Constitution, such as the right to privacy, the right to an education, and the right to free speech. The Supreme Court has interpreted the Ninth Amendment in terms of protecting both individual and collective rights. In Griswold v. Connecticut, the court found that a state law prohibiting the use of contraceptives violated the rights of married couples established by the Ninth Amendment. Similarly, in Roe v. Wade, the Court found that the right to privacy also protected a woman’s right to an abortion. Additionally, the Court has found that the Ninth Amendment protects the collective rights of minorities and other vulnerable groups. In United States v. Lopez, the Court ruled that Congress exceeded its powers under the Ninth Amendment by passing a law banning handguns from schools. In this case, the Court found that the Ninth Amendment protected the collective right of students to be free from gun violence. In general, the Supreme Court has interpreted the Ninth Amendment as protecting both individual and collective rights that are not explicitly listed in the Constitution. This interpretation has played an important role in protecting the rights of Americans in North Carolina and across the US.
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