What are the laws governing energy-water nexus?

Energy-water nexus is the relationship between energy and water, and the Virginia Water Law has specific regulations governing their connection. In order for energy resources to be developed in Virginia, they must be done with respect to the state’s water resources. The Virginia Water Law provides general guidance for the energy-water nexus. The law states that water quality must not be impaired in order to create an energy source. Any energy production must keep local ground and surface water safe from contamination. For instance, not only is wastewater from the energy production process not allowed to be discharged into a body of water, but the process of extracting fuel must also be closely monitored to ensure that the water is not polluted. The Virginia Water Law also requires that energy production processes must not disrupt the supply of water that other users need. In other words, the energy production process must not decrease the water availability or quality in the surrounding area. If energy companies withdraw water from a supply, such as from a river, they must adhere to laws that ensure other users will still have access to a sufficient amount of water. The Virginia Water Law also regulates the use of water for cooling in energy production, such as with nuclear energy. Any energy production process that relies on water for cooling must meet requirements that ensure the water is returned in the same quality it was taken in. Overall, the Virginia Water Law ensures that energy production does not put water resources in danger and that all users are able to access water.

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