How do riparian and prior appropriation systems differ in their approach to water rights?

Riparian and prior appropriation systems are two differing approaches to water rights in California. The riparian system is based on the English common law, which gives preferential treatment to land owners owning or controlling property along a river or stream. These rights allow landowners to take as much water as they need from the water source provided it does not cause harm to downstream neighbors. The prior appropriation system, also known as the "first in time, first in right" rule, is based on the "doctrine of the appropriation." This doctrine forbids water from being taken for beneficial use without the prior authorization of an agency established by state law. The system gives preference to the first individuals or entities to put the water to beneficial use. The right to withdraw water is contingent upon the continued beneficial use and the water must be put back into the water resource when it is no longer needed. The primary difference between the two systems is that the riparian system gives priority to owners of riparian land, while the prior appropriation system gives priority to those who first put the water to beneficial use. Both systems have their advantages and disadvantages. The riparian system gives preferential rights to landowners near water sources, however water resources are often underutilized when priority is given to one set of users. The prior appropriation system facilitates a more equitable distribution of water resources, however users are limited to taking only as much water as necessary for the beneficial use, thus preventing over-extraction.

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How do riparian and prior appropriation systems differ in their approach to water rights?

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