What is the scope of the International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea?
The International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS Convention) applies to disputes in California and other states arising from the carriage of hazardous and noxious substances by sea. The HNS Convention is a comprehensive legal framework for compensation for damage caused by the carriage of such substances. The HNS Convention requires ship owners, port authorities, and other responsible parties to maintain insurance against potential liability for damage caused by the carriage of hazardous and noxious substances by sea. It also requires that insurance be provided for the payment of claims for loss of life, personal injury, or loss of, or damage to, property, from an accident caused by the carriage of hazardous and noxious substances. The HNS Convention also establishes a system of mandatory liability insurance. This system ensures that claims for compensation will be paid regardless of fault or negligence on the part of the ship owners or port authorities. Additionally, the HNS Convention sets limits on the liability of ship owners and port authorities, which limits their financial exposure in the event of an accident. In California, the HNS Convention is administered by the California State Lands Commission and enforced through the state courts. The HNS Convention has also been adopted by the United States government, which allows it to be applied in other states as well. In conclusion, the International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea applies to disputes arising in California and other states regarding the carriage of hazardous and noxious substances by sea. It establishes a system of mandatory liability insurance, sets limits on liability, and is administered and enforced by the California State Lands Commission.
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